TES LISAN

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A. Pengertian tes lisan
Tes lisan adalah tes yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan dengan mengadakan tanya jawab secara langsung antara pendidik dan peserta didik.
1. Macam-macam tes lisan
Thoha (2003:61) menjelaskan bahwa tes ini termasuk kelompok tes verbal, yaitu tes soal dan jawabannya menggunakan bahasa lisan. Dari segi persiapan dan cara bertanya, tes lisan dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yakni:
a) Tes lisan bebas
Yaitu pendidik dalam memberikan soal kepada peserta didik tanpa menggunakan pedoman yang dipersiapkan secara tertulis
b) Tes lisan berpedoman
Pendidik menggunakan pedoman tertulis tentang apa yang akan ditanyakan kepada peserta didik.
B. KELEBIHAN DAN KEKURANGAN TES LISAN
1. Kelebihan
a) Dapat menilai kemampuan dan tingkat pengetahuan yang dimiliki peserta didik, sikap, serta kepribadiannya karena dilakukan secara berhadapan langsung.
b) Bagi peserta didik yang kemampuan berpikirnya relatif lambat sehingga sering mengalami kesukaran dalam memahami pernyataan soal, tes bentuk ini dapat menolong sebab peserta didik dapat menanyakan langsung kejelasan pertanyaan yang dimaksud.
c) Hasil tes dapat langsung diketahui peserta didik.
d) Siswa dapat mengemukakan argumentasi
e) Dapat mengevaluasi kemampuan penalaran
f) Dapat mengevaluasi kemampuan berbahasa lisan
g) Dapat melakukan pendalaman materi
h) Tidak mungkin terjadi penyontekan
i) Bahan ujian dapat luas dan mendalam

2. Kelemahan
a) Subjektivitas pendidik sering mencemari hasil tes,
b) Waktu pelaksanaan yang diperlukan.
c) Sangat memungkinkan ketidakadilan
d) Subjektifitas tinggi
e) Memerlukan waktu yang lama
f) siswa dapat melakukan ABS
g) jika siswa memiliki sifat gugup dapat mengganggu kelancaran menjawab
h) Kurang reliabel

C. Pelaksanaan tes lisan
Nurkanca, dkk (1986:60) menjelaskan bahwa hal-hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian dalam pelaksanaan tes lisan antara lain adalah sebagai berikut:
a) Pertahankanlah situasi evaluasi dalam pelaksanaan tes lisan. Guru harus tetap menyadari bahwa tujuan evaluasi adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang prestasi belajar yang dicapai oleh murid-murid.
b) Janganlah guru membentak-bentak seorang murid karena murid tersebut memberikan jawaban yang menurut penilaian guru merupakan jawaban yang sangat “tolol”.
c) Jangan pula ada kecenderungan untuk membantu seoarang murid yang sedang di tes dengan memberikan kunci-kunci tertentu karena kita merasa kasihan atau simpati pada murid tersebut. Hal ini bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip evaluasi karena kita bertindak tidak adil terhadap murid yang lain.
d) Siapkanlah terlebih dahulu suatu rencana pertanyaan serta score jawaban yang diminta untuk setiap pertanyaan. Hal ini untuk menjaga agar guru jangan samapai terkecoh oleh jawaban yang ngelantur dari murid-murid.
e) Laksanakanlah skoring secara teliti terhadap setiap jawaban yang diberikan oleh murid.

D. CARA TES LISAN
• Langsung kepada individu
• Menyebar kepada semua siswa
• Retorik, guru bertanya, siswa diberi waktu untuk menjawab, tetapi guru yang menjawab
• Balikan, pertanyaan siswa dijawab guru selanjutnya guru bertanya lagi kepada siswa yang bertanya
• Terusan, pertanyaan peserta dibalikan untuk dijawab oleh peserta lainnya

E. MANFAAT PERTANYAAN LISAN
• Mengembangkan pemahaman siswa
• Mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir dan membuat keputusan
• Mengaktifkan kedua belah pihak guru dan siswa

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